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Research identifies the herbal supplements that are effective in treating anxiety
Global Neuroscience Initiative Foundation, October 6, 2022
A systematic review of research into the use of nutritional supplements for the treatment of anxiety disorders has found strong evidence for the use of extracts of passionflower or kava and combinations of L-lysine and L-arginine. Researchers writing in open access Nutrition Journal pooled the results of 24 studies involving a total of more than 2000 participants, showing that some nutritional and herbal supplements can be effective, without the risk of serious side effects.
The research was carried out by Shaheen Lakhan and Karen Vieira from the Global Neuroscience Initiative Foundation, a non-profit charity organization for the advancement of neurological and mental health patient welfare, education, and research, based in Los Angeles, USA. Lakhan said, “Our review and summary of the literature on herbal remedies and dietary supplements for anxiety should aid mental health practitioners in advising their patients and provide insight for future research in this field. We found mixed results – while passionflower or kava and L-lysine and L-arginine appeared to be effective, St John’s Wort and magnesium supplements were not”.
Of the studies included in the review, 21 were randomized controlled trials. Of these, 15 showed positive effects from either a nutritional or herbal remedy and any reported side effects were mild to moderate.
Melatonin improves mitochondrial function in rat model of diabetes
University of Granada, La Paz University Hospital & University of Texas, October 6 2022.
The Journal of Pineal Research published an article by researchers that reported a protective effect for melatonin on mitochondrial function in obese rats.
“Mitochondrial dysfunction in adipose tissue may contribute to obesity-related metabolic derangements such as type 2 diabetes mellitus,” write principle investigator Ahmad Agil and colleagues. “Because mitochondria are a target for melatonin action, the goal of this study was to investigate the effects of melatonin on mitochondrial function in white and beige inguinal adipose tissue of Zücker diabetic fatty rats.
The team divided eight diabetic rats and eight lean littermates to receive melatonin-enhanced or plain drinking water for six weeks, after which mitochondrial function was evaluated. They observed improvement in mitochondrial respiration, and a reduction in oxidative status among both lean and obese animals that received melatonin.
He observed that, along with other factors, the rise in obesity in both developed and developing countries has coincided with exposure to artificial light at night, which inhibits the body’s production of melatonin. The inhibition of melatonin production that occurs when a lamp, computer or television is left on leads to disrupted sleep and an increased risk of weight gain, which negatively impacts the mitochondria, promoting insulin resistance and diabetes. “For all these reasons, it is important to try to sleep in absolute darkness, to avoid interference in the generation of melatonin,” Professor Agil noted.
Walking can reduce breast cancer risk
American Cancer Society, October 4, 2022
Postmenopausal women who were very active or walked for at least seven hours a week had a reduced risk for breast cancer, according to a study published in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.
Women who engaged in at least an hour of vigorous physical activity every day had a 25 percent lower risk for breast cancer, and those who walked for at least seven hours a week had a 14 percent lower risk for breast cancer, in this study of 73,615 postmenopausal women.
“We examined whether recreational physical activity, specifically walking, was associated with lower breast cancer risk. Given that more than 60 percent of women report some daily walking, promoting walking as a healthy leisure-time activity could be an effective strategy for increasing physical activity among postmenopausal women,” said Alpa Patel, Ph.D., senior epidemiologist at the American Cancer Society (ACS) in Atlanta, G. “We were pleased to find that without any other recreational activity, just walking an average of one hour per day was associated with lower risk of breast cancer in these women.”
“Current guidelines recommend that adults should strive to get at least 2.5 hours per week of moderate-intensity activity, or 75 minutes per week of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity for overall health. Higher levels of activity may provide greater benefit for breast cancer prevention,” said Patel.
Patel and colleagues identified 73,615 postmenopausal women from a large cohort of 97,785 women aged 50 to 74 years. All participants provided information on the average number of hours they spent on various physical activities including walking, jogging, swimming, playing tennis, bicycling, and performing aerobic exercises every week, and the number of hours spent in leisure time sitting, including watching television and reading. The researchers calculated the total hours of metabolic equivalent (MET) per week for each participant, which is a ratio of the energy spent during a specific activity to the resting metabolic rate.
The researchers found that about 9.2 percent of the participants did not partake in any physical activity, and about 47 percent of them reported walking as their only activity. The median MET expenditure among active women was 9.5 MET hours per week, which translates to 3.5 hours of moderately-paced walking.
They found that the most active women with 42 MET hours per week or more (at least one hour of vigorous activity every day) had a 25 percent lower risk for breast cancer compared with women who were least active, with less than seven MET hours per week (e.g., moderately-paced walking for two hours a week). Among women who reported walking as their only activity, those who walked for seven hours or more per week had a 14 percent lower risk for breast cancer, compared with those who walked for three hours or less.
Selenium may help fight pre-cancer cervical condition
Arak University of Medical Sciences (Iran) , October 10, 2022
Long-term consumption of selenium supplements may help reverse the progression of the ‘pre-cancer’ condition cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 (CIN1), say researchers in Iran.
Published in the British Journal of Nutrition, the study saw 58 women diagnosed with this low-grade CIN given either a placebo tablet or 200 micrograms of selenium supplements as selenium yeast daily for six months.
After six months of supplementation they saw a regression in the condition and other beneficial metabolic effects.
This included significant decreases in fasting plasma glucose levels, serum insulin levels and serum TAG levels and increased HDL-cholesterol levels.
Cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) is a term used to describe changes in the squamous cells of the cervix. CIN is not a cancer but if left untreated may develop into cancer and is therefore often described as a ‘pre-cancerous condition’ by doctors. However if left untreated, the risk of progression to invasive cervical carcinoma was about 30–50%.
The results from this latest research found significant rises in total plasma antioxidant capacity in the supplemented group compared with the placebo. There was also a significant decrease in malondialdehyde, a marker of oxidative stress.
X-rays raise childhood leukemia risk
University of California at Berkeley, Oct 5, 2022
A new study by researchers at the University of California has revealed that diagnostic X-rays may increase the risk of developing childhood leukemia.
Specifically, the researchers found that children with acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) had almost twice the chance of having been exposed to three or more X-rays compared with children who did not have leukemia.
For B-cell ALL, even one X-ray was enough to moderately increase the risk.
The findings come from the Northern California Childhood Leukemia Study, a population-based case-control study that includes 35 counties in the northern and central regions of the state.
The study included 827 children up to age 15 diagnosed with either ALL or AML. The children with leukemia were each compared with other children randomly selected from the California birth registry who were matched by factors such as age, gender, ethnicity and maternal race.
The study found an increased risk from X-rays for ALL, but not for AML or T-cell leukemia, and there was no association with age at first exposure.
Furthermore, there was no increased risk associated with prenatal exposure to X-rays or maternal X-rays occurring before pregnancy.
Surfing can prevent suicidal feelings in combat veterans with PTSD
Loughborough University (UK) October 11, 2022
Surfing can help improve well-being in combat veterans experiencing post-traumatic stress disorder and even avert suicidal feelings, according to a Loughborough University researcher.
Nick Caddick said some of the veterans from Northern Ireland, Iraq and Afghanistan, who took part in his study, revealed that surfing had not only improved their health and quality of life but saved their lives.
It is the first time research has been conducted into a ‘Blue Gym’ – the sea – therapy that is becoming increasingly popular in Britain and America and is being seen as an alternative to the traditional medical option which can involve drugs.
It is estimated that 6.9 per cent of UK combat soldiers will go on to suffer significant distress as a result of their service. Nick said: “A number of veterans said they would most likely not be around if it wasn’t for experiencing surfing in the ‘Blue Gym’ environment. For the men, being active in this environment was an excellent example of ‘exercise is medicine’
Nick spent time with them, both in and out of the water, observing how surfing gave them respite from PTSD symptoms like nightmares, flashbacks, severe depression, anxiety, and suicidal thoughts. Nick stressed that surfing was not a cure, and that the veterans expected to live with PTSD for the rest of their lives. But he said his research suggested that, if undertaken regularly, surfing was a powerful alternative to medical treatments which the veterans were sceptical about.
“The veterans referred to it as a tremendous sense of freedom. It takes them completely away from the traumatic thoughts that spin through their minds all day long. Most of them don’t believe they will be cured, but it gives them something important to look forward to, which stops them dwelling on all the bad stuff.