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5.“Power Slap: Road to the Title” – Neurologist Dr. Gayatri Devi tells Inside Edition that slap-fighting could cause brain damage. (1:54)

Omega-3 could decrease mortality rate in postmenopausal women, study suggests

OmegaQuant Analytics, March 1, 2023

Women with a high omega-3 status are up to 20% less likely to die from any cause, compared to those with low levels of DHA and EPA, finds a new study.

The research, published in the Journal of Clinical Lipidology, looked at associations between omega-3 index scores – a measure of EPA and DHA levels in red blood cells – and all-cause mortality rates in a population of postmenopausal women over a 15 year period. 

Women with the highest omega-3 status were found to be 20% less likely to die from any cause than those with the lowest omega-3 levels, said the team.

“This is the largest -but far from the only – study to confirm that blood levels of EPA and DHA omega-3 fatty acids, in this case the omega-3 index, are independent predictors of risk for death,” said Dr. William Harris, lead author of the study and founder of OmegaQuant Analytics, where the samples were analysed. “These findings support the view that higher EPA and DHA omega-3 levels are associated with better overall health.”

“This study adds to a larger body of evidence demonstrating the positive correlation between higher omega-3 index levels and general wellness,” said Adam Ismail, executive director of the Global Organization for EPA and DHA Omega-3s (GOED). “The results gathered over a 15-year period support the notion that adequate omega-3 intake is an important part of a healthy lifestyle, just like exercise and following a well-balanced diet.”

The team also reported that higher levels of EPA were found to have a significant inverse relationship with risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) death, but the same was not found for DHA. 

Researchers concluded in their study that two and a half fillets of salmon each week provided an adequate amount of omega-3 PUFAs to be considered a safe high amount. They said that estimated intakes suggest that approximately 1g of EPA and DHA per day would be required to increase omega-3 status for those in the lowest omega-3 status group to a levelwhere they were in the highest group. This amount also translates to between one and three softgel omega-3 supplements or one teaspoon of a liquid omega-3 supplement daily.

Why melatonin is a powerful anticancer indolamine

Tehran University of Medical Sciences, February 27, 2019  

A team of researchers from Iran suggests that melatonin has powerful anticancer properties. In their study, which was published in the journal Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, they looked at the molecular anti-angiogenesis pathways mediated by melatonin and the responsible mechanisms in different forms of cancers both in vitro and in vivo.

·  Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland that has been reported to possess diverse biological activities, including antitumor action.

·  Melatonin exerts its anticancer effects by inhibiting angiogenesis.

·  Increased angiogenesis is a primary feature of tumor progression.

·  For this reason, angiogenesis inhibition is a critical step in treating cancer.

·  Melatonin targets nutrients and oxygen supply to cancer cells.

·  The main targets of melatonin for inhibition of angiogenesis are hypoxia-induced factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and the genes under its control, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).

·  Melatonin inhibits HIF-1alpha translocation and endothelial cell migration, invasion, and tube formation.

In conclusion, the findings of the study indicate that melatonin fights cancer in various ways.

Replaying experiences can help future decision making

University College London, March 10, 2023

Replaying prior experiences when learning something new can improve the brain’s ability to make future plans and preserve memories of the past, finds new research by UCL neuroscientists.

The study, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, used brain imaging techniques to detect activity in the brains of 24 participants, while taking part in a maze task.

As part of the experiment, participants were asked to make a series of choices between shapes in order to reach rewards.

Each shape would lead down a different path made up of a sequence of pictures, followed by reward points at the end. The participants’ goal was to keep track of the best path, because the reward points at the end changed over time.

The results showed that when it was most helpful to think ahead, participants replayed memories of previous experiences before making a choice.

Interestingly, replay events were very fast—completing a path in a fraction of a second.

The results demonstrate how replaying experiences at different times can relate to two separate cognitive functions. However, both effects were related to increased activity in regions of the brain, including the hippocampus, which is crucial for memory.

Lead author, Dr. Elliott Wimmer (UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The Max Planck UCL Center for Computational Psychiatry and Aging Research), said, “Our research found that replay may aid both key mental abilities, decision-making and memory, but at different times.

“When it’s time to make a decision, replay focused on the task at hand, supporting a role for memory in planning. But during more idle periods, replay was stronger for previous memories, which may help sustain old experiences.”

Study finds common artificial sweetener linked to higher rates of heart attack and stroke

Cleveland Clinic, February 27, 2023

New Cleveland Clinic research showed that erythritol, a popular artificial sweetener, is associated with an increased risk of heart attack and stroke. Findings were published in Nature Medicine.

Researchers studied more than 4,000 people in the U.S. and Europe and found those with higher blood erythritol levels were at elevated risk of experiencing a major adverse cardiac event such as heart attack, stroke or death. They also examined the effects of adding erythritol to either whole blood or isolated platelets, which are cell fragments that clump together to stop bleeding and contribute to blood clots. Results revealed that erythritol made platelets easier to activate and form a clot. Pre-clinical studies confirmed ingestion of erythritol heightened clot formation.

“Sweeteners like erythritol, have rapidly increased in popularity in recent years but there needs to be more in-depth research into their long-term effects,” said senior author Stanley Hazen, M.D., Ph.D., chairman for the Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences in Lerner Research Institute and co-section head of Preventive Cardiology at Cleveland Clinic. 

Erythritol is about 70% as sweet as sugar and is produced through fermenting corn. After ingestion, erythritol is poorly metabolized by the body. Instead, it goes into the bloodstream and leaves the body mainly through urine. The human body creates low amounts of erythritol naturally, so any additional consumption can accumulate.

Measuring artificial sweeteners is difficult and labeling requirements are minimal and often do not list individual compounds. Erythritol is “Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS)” by the FDA, which means there is no requirement for long-term safety studies.

“Our study shows that when participants consumed an artificially sweetened beverage with an amount of erythritol found in many processed foods, markedly elevated levels in the blood are observed for days—levels well above those observed to enhance clotting risks,” said Dr. Hazen. “It is important that further safety studies are conducted to examine the long-term effects of artificial sweeteners in general, and erythritol specifically, on risks for heart attack and stroke, particularly in people at higher risk for cardiovascular disease.”

 

Fiber reduces inflammation, reducing risk of inflammatory diseases and the rate of mortality

University of Navarra (Spain), February 27, 2019

A study reports that having a fiber-rich diet lowers the risk of contracting chronic Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and Type 2 diabetes, as well as some cancers and inflammatory diseases like rheumatism.

The research was a joint effort of the University of Navarra and the Navarre Health Service, and was published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. It was led by Miguel Angel Martinez-Gonzalez, a medicine professor at the University of Navarra. The study consisted of 7,216 men and women aged 55 to 75, all of whom carried the risk of contracting cardiovascular disease. The participants were classified into five categories based on their consumption of fiber and fruit.

It was found that those in the greatest fruit and fiber consumption quintile showed lower mortality rates at 37 and 41 percent for males and females, respectively, as compared to those in the quintile of least fiber and fruit intake. Associations were also closer among cardiovascular deaths. Research coordinator from the Navarre Health Service Dr. Pilar Buil-Cosiales alongside Martinez-Gonzalez reported significant reductions in risk of mortality in those who had only started eating fiber-rich whole foods and fruits (given that these individuals did not consume enough prior to the study).

Martinez-Gonzalez’s study is important and unique at the same time since it is the largest clinical trial in Spanish research, and it is the only research to consider the content of the total initial fiber without repeating measurements throughout the monitoring period. It is also one of the main researches worldwide in the nutrition and diet department. This study falls under the responsibility of the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease with a Mediterranean Diet (PREDIMED), which aims to evaluate if extra virgin oil and nuts-supplemented Mediterranean diet prevents the occurrence of CVD in comparison to a low-fat diet. PREDIMED is a collaborative research joining 19 scientific teams from Andalusia, Balearic Islands, Canary Islands, Catalonia, Navarre, Basque Country, and Valencia.

Healthy gut bacteria can help fight cancer in other parts of the body, researchers find

University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, March 10, 2023

Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have discovered how healthy bacteria can escape the intestine, travel to lymph nodes and cancerous tumors elsewhere in the body, and boost the effectiveness of certain immunotherapy drugs. The findings, published in Science Immunology, shed light on why antibiotics can weaken the effect of immunotherapies and could lead to new cancer treatments.

“Scientists have been stumped as to how bacteria inside your gut can have an impact on a cancer in your lungs, breasts, or skin,” said Andrew Y. Koh, M.D., Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Microbiology, and in the Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center at UT Southwestern. “Now we understand that mechanism much better and, in the future, hope to use this knowledge to better fight cancer.”

Previous studies, including one led by Dr. Koh at UT Southwestern, have shown an association between the composition of gut microbiomes—the microorganisms found inside the digestive tract—and the effectiveness of cancer treatments that target the immune system, including pembrolizumab (Keytruda) and ipilimumab (Yervoy). However, researchers have reached conflicting conclusions about the ideal balance of microorganisms to optimize therapy, with studies pointing to different beneficial bacteria.

Dr. Koh and colleagues used mice with melanoma tumors to probe how the drugs, called immune checkpoint inhibitors, affected the movement of gut microbes through the body. They found that immune checkpoint inhibitors, which boost the activity of the immune system against tumors, also cause inflammation in the digestive system that leads to remodeling of lymph nodes in the gut.

Due to these changes, bacteria can leave the intestines and travel to lymph nodes near the tumor and the tumor itself, the researchers found. Here, the microbes activate a set of immune cells that act to kill tumor cells.

The findings suggest that a course of antibiotics, which can eliminate most gut microbes, is detrimental to immune checkpoint inhibitors because the bacteria can no longer play this role of immune accelerant. It also helps explain why researchers have found many types of bacteria in patient microbiomes that seem to be beneficial for treatment.

“As long as a subset of beneficial bacteria can translocate from the gut to the lymph node or tumor, it may not matter exactly which bacteria it is,” said Dr. Koh.