BRUCE E. LEVINE – Psychiatry’s “Defect Model of Mental Illness:” a Path for Those it Has Failed

Depressed, anxious, and substance-abusing people can beat themselves up for being defective. And psychiatrists and psychologists routinely validate and intensify their sense of defectiveness by telling them that they have, for example, a chemical-imbalance defect, a genetic defect, or a cognitive-behavioral defect. In plain words, many depressed, anxious, and substance-abusing persons think: “I feel fucked up because I am essentially …